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The Constitution of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos)

Preamble
We, the people of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos), do hereby ordain and adopt this Constitution for the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos).

Article 1: The República Gaduridana (Gaduridos)

(1) The República Gaduridana (Gaduridos) is a Sovereign and Democratic Nation and the Sovereign Power belongs to the people of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos). Sovereign Power shall be exercised in the manner provided for in this Constitution.
(2a) The República Gaduridana (Gaduridos) shall be structured as a parliamentary democracy with a unicameral legislature and an elected Head of State.
(2b) The República Gaduridana (Gaduridos) shall be structured as a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch with a unicameral legislature.
(3) The National Flag and Motto shall be the flag and the motto adopted by two-thirds of the total number of members of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 3.
(4) This Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land.

Article 2: The Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos)

(1) There shall be a legislature for the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos), called the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos), in which all legislative powers under this Constitution shall be vested. The Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall have a maximum of 256 members elected by each State in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 for a term of office of 48 months.
(2) The Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall have the power to make laws, to pass bills and legislation, to ratify treaties and international agreements, to amend this Constitution in accordance with the provisions of Article 14, and to ratify Cabinet Proposals in accordance with the provisions of Article 7.
(3) Each member of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall be enlisted in a political party and shall be entitled to one seat only. Political parties shall represent their voters in the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) and cast their votes on their behalves.

Article 3: Legislative Process

(1) All political parties shall have the right to propose Bills.
(2) A Bill shall be passed by a simple majority of the members of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) present and voting, except in cases where the Constitution provides otherwise.
(3) A Bill shall lapse from voting should an election intervene, in which case it shall be returned to the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) for debate.
(4) A Bill that has been passed by the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall enter into effect immediately upon its passage.

Article 4: The Executive

(1a) The executive power shall be vested in the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) and the Cabinet.
(1b) The executive power belongs to the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate), but shall be exercised by the Cabinet. The Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) shall not be subject to responsibility; the members of the Cabinet are responsible.
(2) Executive decisions shall be entrusted in these bodies subject to the approval of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos).

Article 5: The Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate)

(1a) The Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) shall be the Head of State of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos). He shall represent the Nation, guarantee its independence and see to it that this Constitution is observed.
(1b) The Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) shall be the Head of State of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos). He shall be the symbol of the Nation and the guarantee of independence.
(2) The Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) shall be elected for a term of office of 48 months in accordance with the procedure set out in this Article and subject to the provisions of the sections 1 and 3 of Article 13.
(3) The Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) shall be elected using a two round system. Each party shall have the right to
register one candidate for elections for the office of Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate). A primary round of election
shall be held to select the two candidates for the second round.
(4) The two candidates having the largest number of votes in the primary election shall participate in the second round, the candidate having the highest number of votes in the second round shall be declared the new Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate).
(2b) The monarchy of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos) is hereditary through direct, natural and legitimate descent from the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate), by order of primogeniture.

Article 6: The Cabinet

(1a) The Cabinet shall aid and advise the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) and conduct the policy of the Government.
(1b) The Cabinet shall exercise the executive power and conduct the policy of the Government.
(2) The Cabinet shall consist of 10 members. Each member, aside from the Head of Government, shall direct an administrative department and is responsible for the tasks and functions entrusted to his or her department.
(3) The Head of Government shall represent the Cabinet and the Government both at home and abroad. He shall chair the Cabinet and shall be responsible for the conduct of public business and the general government policy.

Article 7: Formation of Cabinet

(1) There shall be a Cabinet to assist the Head of State in the proper discharge of executive powers.
(1b) There shall be a Cabinet to exercise the executive powers on behalf of the Head of State.
(2) Any cabinet must be ratified by the agreement of more than a half of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos), according to Article 3 of the Constitution.
(3a) It is the exclusive responsibility of the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) to propose a list of Cabinet members to assist him.
(3b) It is the exclusive responsibility of the political party holding the greatest number of seats in the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) to propose a list of Cabinet ministers to assist the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate), save that if more than one political party holds the greatest number of seats, that number being equal for all such parties, any or all of these may propose a list.
(3c) The responsibility of proposing a list of Cabinet members falls to political parties, any or all of whom may propose lists to assist the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) in the running of the country.
(4a) Until such a time as a cabinet is formed, the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) will hold executive power alone, subject to the agreement of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos), according to article 3 of the Constitution.
(4b) A cabinet will continue to assist the Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate), even if a new Presidente del Senado (President of the Senate) is elected, until a different Cabinet is ratified.
(4c) The Cabinet shall remain in office until such a time as a new Cabinet is formed.

Article 8: The Judiciary

The judicial authority shall be vested in a system of courts, both lower and constitutional. These courts shall have absolute power to ensure enforcement of the laws and constitution of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos).

Article 9: Political Parties

(1) Political parties shall ensure that the will of the people prevails and, for this purpose, shall
represent their voters in the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos).
(2) A political party shall be registered in accordance with the national laws may be dissolved in
cases of inactivity or for violations of national law.
(3) Representation in the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall be determined through a general election in which all political parties may participate in accordance with the provisions of Article 13.

Article 10: Opposition Parties

(1) The opposition parties shall play a constructive role to ensure that the government and the
ruling parties function in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, provide good
governance and strive to promote national interest and fulfil the aspirations of the people.
Their aim must be to make the Government responsible, accountable and transparent.
(2) The opposition parties shall have the right to oppose the elected Government and to question the Government’s conduct of public business.

Article 11: The States

The territory of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos) comprises the Estado (State) of Cancon, Cuernatecas, Manzamal, Marligantos and Sonara. The national territory and the international territorial boundary of the República Gaduridana (Gaduridos) is inviolable.

Article 12: Local Governments

Certain powers may be devolved to the Local Governments by the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) in accordance with the procedures set out in Article 3.

Article 13: Elections

(1) Under this Constitution, the general will of the people shall be the basis of government and it shall be expressed through periodic elections in which all political parties shall have the
right to participate.
(2) The method used to determine the number of seats each State receives in the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall be laid down by law in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.
(3) All political parties shall have the right to call for an early election at any time. A call for early elections shall require the vote of a majority of the total number of members of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) in order to pass. Elections shall be scheduled upon the passage of such call for early elections.

Article 14: Amendment

Subject to the provisions of Article 3, the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) shall have the power to amend this Constitution. Amendments shall require a vote of two-thirds of the members of the Congreso Nacional de la República de Gaduridos (National Congress of the Republic of Gaduridos) in order to pass and may only apply to certain areas of this constitution.

Random fact: The grey space in the east is populated by the forum-based countries, known in-game as the former colonies or the "Third World". These countries are managed by the Third World Coordinator but players can request control of individual countries in the Third World Control Requests thread: http://forum.particracy.net/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=8302

Random quote: "If democracy is ever to be threatened, it will not be by revolutionary groups burning government offices and occupying the broadcasting and newspaper offices of the world. It will come from disenchantment, cynicism and despair caused by the realization that the New World Order means we are all to be managed and not represented." - Tony Benn

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